Burner for heavy oil



Patented Mar. 14, 1933 UNITED STATES DECIO PIZZI, OF BARCELONA, SPAINBURNER FOR HEAVY OIL Application filed December 4, 1928, Serial No.411,643, and in Spain October 14, 1929.

This invention relates to a burner for heavy oilin which the oil isevaporated by heating.

Burners for heavy oil are known in which 5 'the fuel is evaporated on aneva orator having an inclined surface ke t t by heat produced by theburning o the oil. This method of heating the evaporating surface isopen to the objection that the fuel is not properly evaporated so thatthe combustion is incomplete resulting in smoke and loss of therm1cefliciency.

In the known burners the air for combustion arrives directly on thesurface of the evaporator in cold condition thereby considerably coolinsame so that a greater amount of heat is necessary to maintain it at thenecessary temperature for bringing the air to the desired temperature.

The object of this invention is to utilize for the evaporation of thefuel, which is heavy oil with a density varying between 0.820 and 0.890,a system which guarantees the complete evaporation of the fuel andpermits a preheating of the air for combustion.

The apparatus according to the invention consists of two burners, alarge main burner with a small auxiliary burner arranged thereunder.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated by way of example in theaccompanyini drawing in which ig. 1 is a section on line 1- 1 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 shows the burner in top plan view.

The burner consists of a cylindrical casing 1 having an aperture 2 onone side through which a cup shaped element 3 is inserted, this aperturebeing closed by a cover 11. This cup has a cylindrical wall 4 provided,with perforations 5 adapted to allow the assage of air to the interiorof the cup. he bottom of the cup is domed and forms an evaporator plate6 with concentric ledges 7 a channel 8 being formed between the lowestledge and the wall of the cup. An. overflow 9 leads from the wall 4 to asiphon 10 which allows the fuel to pass off but not the air.

' A box frame 12.is arranged on the bottom of the casing 1 on whichframe the fan housing 13 is mounted. In this housing. 13 a fan 14 ismounted and driven by an electric motor 15. The air is blown through anaperture 16 into the box frame 12 from which it passes into the casing 1through passages 17 in the bottom thereof. On the inner side of thecylindrical wall of the casing 1 projections 20 are provided for apartition plate 19 which rests on said projections 20, having a centralaperture the edge of which corresponds with the diameter of thecylindrical wall- 4 of the cup, thus forming a compartment 18 in thecasin 1.

A passage 30 is left free between the p ate 19 and the casing 1. Thepartition plate 19 carries near its circumference supports 21 on whichthe main evaporator 22 rests, the upper surface of this main eva oratorbeing domed and also provided w1th concentric' ledges 31. The mainevaporator 22 has a central extension'40 terminating near the uppermostpoint of the evaporating plate 6, sothat an annular chamber 23 is formedbetween the under surface of the main evapo- -rator 22 and the uppersurface of the partition plate 19. This extension 40 has averticalpassage 37 open at the bottom end and communicating with an aperture 36in the uppermost point of the main evaporator 22.

A conical cover 26 isplaced on the upper edge of the cylindrical wall ofthe casing 1 and forms a combustionchamber 25 between its inner surfaceand the upper surface of the main evaporator 22.

The upper edge of the casing 1 is chamfered towards the outer side andthe lower edge of the cover 26 is correspondingly chamfered towards theinner side so that a tight closure 28 is formed between the casing andthe cover, which latter is held. securely in position by clamps 29.Between the inner surface of the chamfered portion of the cover and theouter surface of the 95 supports 21 an annular passage 24 forms acommunication between the combustion chamber 25 and the chamber 23.

An aperture 27 is provided at the top of the cover 26 to allow thepassage of the I flame from the combustion chamber 25. A tube 34 extendsthrough an aperture in the cover 26 to a point near the apex of the mainevaporator 22 and directly above the aperture 36 therein. This tubesupplies fuel to the main evaporator 22 and through the tube 37 to theauxiliary evaporating plate 6. The tube 34 is held in position by meansof an elbow joint 32 pivoted at 33. The fuel supply is regulate by meansof a tap 39 As will be seen from the foregoin the device is composedoftwo burners, t at is to say a smal auxiliary burner laced below alarger main burner. Bot burners consist of an eva orator with aninclined surface over whic the heavy oil flows the oil distributingitself on the ledges of the conical surfaces of both evaporators. At thesame time a current of warmed air is made to circulate, by means of anelectric fan, in the opposite direction to that of the descending fuel.

The auxiliary burner maintains at a constant temperature the surface ofthe evaporator of the main burner. Thus uniform evaporation is ensured,both when the apparatus is full on and when it is working with theminimum amount oi fuel. The auxiliary burner is automatically fed withfuel from the same source as the main burner. Finally the auxiliaryburner serves as an igniter to start up the apparatus.

The apparatus works in the following manner.

A small quantity of benzine is introduced into the channel 8 of the cup3 and i nited. The cup 3 is then inserted through t e aperture until itis directly under the aperture in the centre of the partition plate 19,and the cover 11 bears ti htly against the wall of the casing 1. The fan14 is started up and the air entering the chamber 18 passes through theperforations 5 into the cup 3 and supports the combustion of the lightedbenzine in the channel 8, causes the flame to rise through chamber 23and passage 2% until it arrives in the combustion chamber 25. This flameheats the auxiliary evaporator 6 and the main eva orator 22. Immediatelyafter starting the an, the supply of heavy oil can be graduated by meansof the tap 39. The fuel passing through the tube 34 arrives at the elbow33 which is adapted to the surface 32 so that a portion of the fuelflows over the ledges 31 and the remainder passes through the aperture36 and the pipe 37 and spreads over the ledges 7 of the evaporator 6. 7

As both the auxiliary evaporator 6 and the main evaporator 22 are heatedby the benzine flame, the fuel spread over their ledges evaporates, andis ignited by this same flame.

The evaporated fuel burns over the auxiliary evaporator 6 combustionbeing supported by the air introduced from the fan 14 which enters thecup through the perforations 5. This air drives the flame throu h theauxiliary combustion chamber 23 and t e annular passage 27 into themain. combustion chamber 25 maintaining the evaporator 22 at a constanttemperature. Further, this flame maintains ignited the vapour whichforms above this evaporator 22 and also heats the cylindrical wall 4 ofthe cup 3 and the partition plate 19. The air impelled by the fan entersthe distribution chamber 18 and, on coming in contact with thecylindrical wall 4 and the partition plate 19, is heated in turn.

A portion of the air thus heated then passes through the perforations 5into the cup 3 and maintains combustion of the vapour produced on theevaporator 3 and the other portion passes through the assage 30 tomaintain t e combustion of tie vapour produced over the evaporator 22.

The air impelled by the ventilator passes through the assage 30 andbecomes intimately mired with the flame, so that the vapour of the fuelin the combustion chamber 25 also mixes intimately and thus llll. surescomplete combustion.

The flame produced emerges through the aperture 27 with great force, andit is quite practicable to direct this flame by means of a efiector, ina vertical, oblique or horizontal direction, according to the angle atwhich the deflector is placed. v

. Ti for any reason the amount of fuel which enters the ap aratusexceeds the rate of combustion ro need in the same, and consequentl t efuel does not evaporate or burn over t e evaporator 22, it will fallonto the partition plate 19, and from this plate it will collect in thechannel 8 from which it flows ofi through the overflow tube 9 and thesiphon 10. T us it will be possible to accurately ascertain from theoutside, if the amount of fuel that is passin through the feed tap 39 isexcessive in w ich case this tap must be regulated accordingly. Torender the apparatus inoperative, it is only necessar to shut ofi thesupply of fuel and air by c osing the tap 39 and stopping the fan 14.

There are no risks of explosion attached to this device, because only asmall accumulation of fuel can take place without there being a flame inthe burner, and therefore all the vapour that is formed is inevitablyignited as it is produced, thus avoiding all danger of explosion.

The construction and operation of the device are both extremely simple.It does not require any supervision and can be employed in all homes fordomestic purposes or in small works, either for indoor or outdoor use.The flame is capable of being directed vertically, obliquely, orhorizontally, as reto ide the fuel from said supp quired, and theelectric fan is installed independently below the burner.

I claim:

1. A burner for heavy oil, comprising in combination a cylindricalcasing having a plate across one end thereof, spaced apertures in saidplate, a blower mounted under said casin operable to force air throughthe apertures in said plate, an aperture in said casing, a removable cupshaped element having an annular channel adapted to be filled with lightoil for starting u the burner and.

to be inserted through sai last mentioned aperture into said casingsupports on the inner wall of said casing, a circular artition plateresting on said supports and aving a central afperture corresponding tothe diameter o ment, supports on said partition plate, a main evaporatorresting onsaid supports, a cover resting on the edge of said casinghaving an aperture for the esca of the flame and a second aperturelatera 'ly to the flame escapement aperture, a fuel supply tubeextending through the second aperture of said cover to the centre ofsaid main evaporator a vertical passage extending through sai mainevaporator and terminating at a short distance above the bottom of saidcupshaped element, and a tap at the outer end of said fuel supply tubeto regulate the supply of fuel to said evaporator.

2. A burner as s ecified in claim 1 in which the cup-shape element hasapertures in its wall to allow the passage 'of air to the auxiliaryevaporator.

3. A burner as s ecified in claim 1 in which the main an auxiliaryevaporators are provided with concentric ledges adapted to uniformlydistribute the fuel.

4. A burner as specified in claim 1 in 4 which a passage is providedbetween the casing and the partition plate for the supply of air to themain evaporator. 5. A burner. as specified in claim 1, comprising incombination with the casing, an

overflow pipe connected at one end to said cup shaped element to leadofi excess fuel supplied to said cup shaped element, and a cover at theend of said overflow pipe adapted to determine the position of said cupshaped element and to close the aperture in said casing after theinsertion of said cup shaped element.

' 6. A burner as specified in claim 1, comprising in combination withsaid fuel su ply pipe and said vertical pi e, an elbow oint on the innerend of sai "fuel supply pipe y pipe to sai vertical pipe.

In testimony wherof I afiix my si ature.

DECIO P I.

the wall of said cup shaped elev

